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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N*'    14580 

(716)  872-4503 


..<^'^^ 


C/j 


^^ 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


vV 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couvertjre  de  couleur 


□    Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


D 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur6e  et/ou  pelliculde 


0Page!«  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculdes 


□    Cover  title  missing/ 


D 
D 
D 


titre  de  couverture  manque 


Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 


Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 


Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 


J    Pag  /s  ddcolor^es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 

Pages  detached/ 
Ptigos  d^tach^es 


0Snowthrough/ 


iransparence 


□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Qualit^  indgale  de  {'impression 


D 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 


□    Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serree  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6t6  filmdes. 


D 
D 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  page3  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6t^  filmdes  d  nouveau  de  faqon  d 
obtanir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


D 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppl^.nentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Public 
Archives  of  Canada 


L'exemplaire  filmi  fut  reproduit  grAce  d  la 
g6n6rosit6  de: 

La  bibliothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Ltt(  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  film6,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  thw 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illusti'ated  impression. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim^e  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fiimds  en  commen^ant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END  "), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
CBs:  le  symbole  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  le 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
fiimds  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  cliche,  il  est  fiimd  i  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

TflK 


LAST  FRENCH  POST 


THE  VALLIiV  01'  THE  ITFEIi  JHSSISSIPI'I, 


NEAR  FKONTENAC,  MINN.; 


WITH   NOTICES   OF  ITS   COMMANDAIVTS. 


BV 


EDWARD  D.  NEILL. 


SAINT  I'ALL.  .\irx\.: 

TlIK   I'lCKKKK    PhK-S   C'OMl'ANV.    • 

1887.  V 


"They  who  make  researches  into  an- 
tiquity may  hv  said  to  pasd  often  through 
many  dark  lobbies  and  dusky  places,  be- 
fore they  come  to  the  Aula  Imlx,  the  great 
hall  of  light;  they  muHt  repair  to  old 
archives,  and  peruse  many  moulded  and 
moth-eaten  records,  and  so  bring  light  as  it 
wore  fron-.  darkness,  to  inform  the  present 
world  what  the  former  did,  and  make  us 
see  truth  through  our  ancestors"  eyes."— 
Hi)\v"*!I,i.'.s  " Londinopolis,"  London,  A.  D. 


•  FRENCH  POST, 


Laki:   I'ki'in,  Minnksota. 


TUi'  ivit'iit  ilis(( ivory  of  two  cannon  balls,  one  of  six-pound  and 
the  otlit'T  ol'  toiii-  pound  (•jilil)re.  at  Krontcnac  station,  noar  Lako 
I'cpin,  Minn.,  ivudors  dosii-abk'  a  notifn  of  the  !ast  Krencdi  ostablrHli- 
nifiil  in  tiic  valley  of  tlio  upper  Mississippi  river. 

The  department  of  trade  callefl  '•  fia  Haye "  included  all  the 
|-'ivn(di  posis  l>et\ve»-n  (ireen  Hay  and  the  Falls  of  Saint  Anthony. 
Bellin,  the  distintfuished  i>;eoi:;rii])her  in  ••  Reniarfjues  sur  la  carte  de 
l"Anteri(|ue  Septentiionale."  piii)lished  in  17").").  at  Paris,  refi-rs  to  those 
on  the  shores  of  the  river  Mississippi  and  its  tributaries,  and  men- 
tions ••  Fort  St.  Nicholas  at  t!"  imuth  of  the  Wisconsin;"  a  small 
foi-t  at  tlu'  I'utnuice  of  Lake  Pe;>ii;  one  above,  on  the  opposite^  side 
of  the  lake;  and  another  on  the  iuri^est  isle  just  above  the  lake,  built 
in  1C95,  l»y  T^e  Stieur.  Nicholas  Pcrrot.  when  commandant  of  the 
'La  Have'  district,  in  the  autumn  of  KlSf).  ascended  the  Mississippi 
and  |)a^sed  the  winter  at  •  .Montai:;ne  (pii  tri'Uips  dans  I'cau,'  just  be- 
yond Black  river,  accordinji"  to  Fran(|uelin's  map.  and  subsequently 
built  the  fort  on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  oti  the  same  juap  marked 
•' Fort  St.  Antoiiu'."  In  IGSl*  Le  Sue\u'  was  one  of  his  assoi-iates  at 
l>ake*l'epin,  and  Hoisii-uillnl,  lor  a  time  in  chari^e  at  .Muckinavv,  then 
at  the  ])v)st  on  the  M ississij)pi  just,  alxn  e  the  mouth  of  the  W'iseonsin. 

The  first  calliiii:;  of  the  lake,  as  Pepin  ap|)ears  in  the  jourmil  of  liO 
Sueur  in  ITOO.  and  was  pei'haps  yiven  to  the  sheet  of  watri-  in  com- 
pliment to  Monsieur  Pepin'  u  iio,  in  ltI7!>.  was  with  l)u  l^iUlh  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Superior,  or  some  other  nuMuber  of  that  Canadian 
family. 

1.    Slephf  -  IVpin,  the  Sieiir  de  la  V'ond,  m;irrit'(l  .Mario  Itouclier,  the  aunt  of  the  Sleiir  di'  la 
I'erricre. 


At'tci"  the  yi)iiv  ITc."!,  owiiiu"  t')  tlif  lii)>tilit_v  of  tin-  llfiianls  (Fox 
Iinliiiiis).  the  Kri'iicli  iil):iiiili»iu'<l  all  their  cxisiiiii:;  |mis|s  in  tlio  "  Lu 
Have"  (liHti'icl  ol'tlii'  ii|ii)t'i'  Mississippi,  and.  with  tlio  oxci'ptioti  ot 
a  low  lawless  voyaiffiii's  k-fl  the  <'(iiintry.  By  tlic  treaty  of  I'trt'clit. 
in  171.'{.  l-'raiKi'  yicldcfl  to  (iiviil  Bi-itaiii  all  llu-  coimtry  aroiiii'l  Hml- 
hon's  hay.  ami  after  tliis  tlu"  foniit  r  ])(>w(  r  turned  its  altenlinn  lu  the 
I'lii^ion  west  of  I<ai<e  Superior  and  the  discovei'y  of  a  route  to  the 
Western  ocean.  In  July,  1717.  I/ieulenant  La  None'  wa>  ordered  to 
e.stal)lish  a  post  at  the  exti'einity  of  Lake  Superior,  and  lo  exploi-e 
the  chain  of  lakes  vvestwar(|.  and  ('a|»tain  Vaul  Saint  Pieri-e-'  in 
ITL'^.  was  ordered  to  ( 'ha^ouaniinon  hay  an<l  Lake  Superior.  I'a- 
<hot.  an  ensi<fn,  at  the  same  time  was  sent  to  the  Sioux  to  persuade 
I  hem  to  make  ])eaee  with  the  Cristinaux.  Soon  after  Pa(diot'8  return 
to  Saint  IMerro'H  post  at  ("haijouamij^on,  tin-  Si(tux  attacked  tlu-  In- 
dians near  Kamanistii^ouya''  and  killed  seventeen.  whi(rh  so  alarnu'd 
t  he  Saidleurs  (Ojihways)  of  rhaL!'ouan)ii;-on  hji.y  that  they  heijun  to 
prepare  logo  to  war  airainst  the  Sioux.  Saint  Pierre  directe(.'  the 
ortici'i's.  l'a(diot  and  Liuctot.  to  visit  the  Sioux  and  censure  ihem  lor 
their  hostility  to  tiie  Cristinaux,  l»ut  (hev  found  that  they  had 
iormed   an  alliance  with  the  Henards  (Foxes),   and   were  implacable. 

Paidiot  in  a  letter  to  the  French  jjovornment,  dated  (^ueiiec.  Oct. 
27,  1722.  suiji^estod  that  as  the  Sioux  wei-e  hostile  to  the  Lake  Supe 
rior  tribes,  a  trading  post  foi-  tlu'ir  lu'iietit  should  he  established  near 
the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  atid  thai  the  otlieer  of  the  ]»ost  with  the 
traders'  canoes  slu)uld  first  ])roceed  to  Chagouamigon  bay,  anil  then 
lo  the  Neouissakouete  (Hois  Hrule)  river.  At  that  pei'iod  the  "Outa- 
liatonha,"  or  "Scioux  <d'the  Rivers."  dwelt  in  the  valU-y  of  the  Saint 
(yroix  river,  titleen  leagues  below  Snake  river,  (."harlevoix.  a  learned 
Jesuit,  in  1721.  undei-  the  aus])ices  of  the  Fri'nch  g(n'erument,  visited 
('ana<la  and  Louisiana,  an<l  upon  his  return  urged  the  establishment 
of  a  trading  |)ost  and  sending  two  missionaries  among  the  Sioux  to 
leai'ii  the  language,  in  the  belief  that  through  their  count ly  a  route 
to  the  Pacific  ocean  could  lie  discovered,    lli.s  suj'irestions  were  tavor- 


1.  Killed  ill  IT:i4,  liy  ii  lianii  of  IrAfiuois. 

2.  (.'aiitiiip  I'iuil  Li'KiiriicMir,  Si.int  I'lorre  wusUie.soii  of  J.  Uuptiste  l.ciianiiiir,  who  mi  llii" 
ek'veDtli  of  .Inly,  Ki.iii,  ninrrieil  Maij;iit'rlte,  tlio  daiinhfcr  of  the  hrave  explorer,  .lean  Nicolet,  the 
first  wlille  man  who  in  lii:it-.T  visited  (ireen  Hay  and  vicinity  in  Wisconsin. 

3.  Also  wi-itlen  (iamaiittyxoya  and  Kiiiiiani'li({oya.  Itaiag.i  in  his  Ojiliway  dictionary  de- 
fines iS'ingitawitigweiag  as  tlie  iiliiee  wlieie  a  river  divides  into  several  hiaiicliea. 


Oct. 

I   tho 
tlu-n 

OlUU- 

Siiiiit 
■ariKMl 

IllU'llt 

lUX     to 

rditf 

tiivur- 


,0  nil    tin" 
coIpI,  the 

iimrv  (le- 


iildy  coiisidt'i'.'il  luil  delay  ousiinl  in  cjinyinif  out  (lir  |in»j«'((.  I>y  tlic 
lioxtilitv  1)1'  lilt'  I'ciKii'iU.  wlio  lia<l  Uill«'(l  Hiv»!nvl  Kiviiclinu'ii.  aiid  also 
I'ct'iist'd  to  allow  iradi'i'M  to  |ia->s  to  the  Sioux  tlirotiLcli  llioir  coiintry. 
I)e  IjiifiH'ry  was  t liofi  ti)i'i'  dispatcluMl.  in  l7-!(i.  to  coutL-r  with  tl\i' 
trilu's  lu'ar  ( ii'con  Uay.  and  on  tlu'  scventii  of  . runt'  uuidi-  a  tri'aty 
witli  tli(f  chic'I's  ot'tlu!  lu'iiai'ds  (FoxtN),  SaUis  (Sauks)  and  I'lians 
■(  \Viiiiu'l»a:i;o»'s).      ^  t 

'IMio  way  now  lii'iiii;  opcncii.  a  fonipaiiy  to  ti'ado  with  the  Sioux  was 
I'oi'nu'd.  and  anir,i)i;  th«'  associati-s  weiv  .lean  Uaptisti'  15ou(di('i-.  lh«' 
Sicur  do  Moiitl'i'uii.  Ffaurois  lioucdur  dt.'  Montlpfuii.  and  l-'raiicois 
< 'antiK'aii.  ('ainju-au  was  a  i)la(l<sniitli  and  afniorcr  and  in  tlu-  arii 
cU's  ol'  ai:;rc't'int'hl  it  was  provided  thai  upon  thi;  payment  of  t'oui' 
hundi'i'd  livre-*  in  coin  oi'  peltriis  ho  I'oidd  work  tor  any  who  nii<r|il 
wish  his  scrvjet's. 

The  conuuandanl  appointed  to  eoii(|uct  tlie  expeilition  was  Ui'tu' 
lioucdior,  llie  Sleui' de  la  l'erii-'i-e.' ami  a  tvlaliv*'  of  two  of  the  tradirii;- 
eompany.  Tin;  ehaplaiiis  attaehed  were  tlie.lesnits  I.onis  Iu;nalii!s 
(iuin"nasand  hedonor.  I'hey  Kl'l  .Montreal  on  the  sixteenth  of.luiie. 
1727.  and  on  the  seventet-nlh  oi'  Srpteniher  reaidicd  th«'  oidari;emcnt 
of  llie  Mississippi,  the-  pieturesque  Laki-  I'epiii.  Immedialely  Koiie 
Houeiier.  the  Sieur  de  la  Perriere.  selected  a  site  upon  a  low  point, 
about  the  mid<Ile  of  the  lake  >hore.  opposite  MaJdeu's  l{o(d<  au<l 
ordered  the  ei'ection  (>f  a  s|o(dva<le  of  pick(ds,  each  twelve  feet  in 
lenii;th.  formiui'  a  s(|uare  of  one  hundred  feet,  with  two  hastions. 
Within  tlie  encdosure  was  a  Iolj  house  for  the  commandant,  a  re>^i- 
denee  for  the  missionaries,  and  a  storehouse. ■  all  of  whicdi  hv  the  hift 


1.   Tlip  IViiiclior  fdiiiily  was  one  of  lln'  iiio«t  ili-iliiij^iiinlu'cl  in  ('ariailii, 
f'/tihireii  of  (fnxfiiird,  llie  hnmiiinin/: 
I'it'rrt",  governor  1)1'  Tlircc  liivers. 
Marii-,  wife  of  stephrn  IVpiii. 
Children  of  I'ierre  of  Three  Rivers: 
Pierre,       lioru  A.  O.  \{'t'<\. 

Marie,  "         "      liVVi;  imrrieil  IUm!>'- (Jualliir  Vareiiiu'.s. 

.lean,  "         "      lii()7 ;  Sieiir  .Moiit'.jnui. 

Rene,  "         "      KKIS;       "     ile  la  IVrriere. 

.1.  HaptistP,  ■'         "      ir.,;i;       "      'le  Nivervillo, 
Chiliiren  o/  Jieni-: 
THiiguuy  gives  a.-i  cliililren  of  llcne: 
lienO,  liiirn  .Ian.  li>,  ir,'.):!. 

.lean  liapli.sle,  liorn  Aiif.  in,  1700.  ''■' 

Franc;ois,  tiorii  .Uily  H,  I7(H. 
2  Tlie  liouses  were  all  sixteen  feet  in  wiilili.    <■)!»■  was  tweniy-five  fei'l.one  Uiirly  feet,  ami  the 
ttiirJ,  thirty-eiglit  feet  long. 


-) 


\ 


of  OclMltcr  wuH  coniplctod.  'J'ho  tort  was  iiaim-il  "  Mt'iinliai'nois,  "  in 
coniplinurit  to  tlio  ^oviM'iior  <tt'  Cuiih'Iu;  and  tlie  niissionarifs  «ulKi| 
thoir  niiHHion  '-St.  Micliuol  (lie  Ardiaii/^ol."  Katbcr  Gui<TnnM  in  a  k't- 
tor  (Voin  tip-  I'ort  writoH;'  "  The  fourth  of  ( lie  nxjiith  of  Novomher 
wo  (lid  not,  for<j;Tt  that  it  was  tho  Saint's  Day  of  the  ^om-ral.  The 
holy  mass  was  said  for  hin)  in  th»'  niorniiit;.  and  they  wcrr  well  pir- 
jtai'fil  to  tudt'hratt'  in  t  he  evi-niuii',  hnl  the  slowni'ss  of  tlu'  ]pynite(dinists 
and  the  variahleness  of  the  weather  led  to  the  |)ost|ioiienient  of  the 
oelohration  to  the  fourteenth  of  the  same  mnnili.  when  they  shot  off 
some  very  heautiful  I'oeUets.  and  made  the  air  re*^ound  with  a  hun- 
dred shouts  of  '\'ive  le  lioy"  and  of  •  N'ive  (."harles  de  Beaiiharnois.' 
*  *  *  ='■  That  which  contriliuted  a  irreat  ileal  to  thi'  merry 
n\alvinj;  was  the  tVit^ht  of  houh^  Indians,  When  these,  poor  people 
saw  the  tirewoi'Ics  in  the  air,  and  the  stars  fall  frouj  tin'  sky.  the 
women  and  childi'eii  tied,  an<i  the  more  coiiiae'eijiis  of  tlie  men  erii'd 
lor  mercy,  and  earni'sily  hei^n'cd  that  we  woidd  stop  the  astonishing; 
play  of  that  terrible  medicine  (medecin)," 

(.)n  the  fifteenth  of  April,  17-'^,  tin-  water  ro-ie  so  hii;h  in  the  lake  that 
for  several  weeks  it  was  necessary  to  ahandon  the  fort,  I)urin<r  the 
spring  the  commaiidanl  asceuded  the  Mississip))i,  foi-  sixty  lea<j;ues, 
hut  found  no  Sioux,  as  they  hail  y-onc  to  war  au;ainst  the  Mahas 
towai'd  the  Missouri.  The  niissionaiy  l)c  (ionor  left  at  this  time, 
and  when  he  rea(died  Mackinaw  on  his  way  to  Monti'cal.  found  there 
Pierre  (iualtier  Varenncs.'^  the  Sieur  W'l-endrye  '  \'erandrie).  who  had 
hocn  in  comnumd  at  Lake  Nepiicon  and  desiivd  to  seek  for  tlie  west- 
ern ocean  liy  way  of  Lake  Winnipeii;. 

A  year  after  the  expedition  of  Sieur  de  la  Perriere,  o»i  the  fifth  ot 
June.  1728,  the  Sii'ur  de  Liyiici'v  left  Montreal  with  a  force  to  ])unish 
iho  IJeiuirds  (Foxes),  who  continued  to  molest  traders.  Dui'ini:-  the 
nii^ht  of  the  seventeenth  of  Auui;ust  lu'  reatdied  (Ireen  Hay,  and  the 
next  day  at  midnii;dit  arrived  at  the  mouth  of  Kox  i-iver,  where  l'^»rt 
St.  Francis' was  situated.     The  IJenards  fled  at  the   ap|»roach  of  the 


I.     Margry,  Vol,  VI. 

■J.  His  mol'.uT  was  a  .■'istcr  of  lintu'lipr  de  lii  I'rrricrf.  Ilo  wan  a  cailt't  in  li'OT,  ami  in  1704 
surved  in  an  expeilillDM  to  N(!w  i;nt,'!un<I,  aniUlie  next  year  was  in  New  I'oiiiiJl.inil.  IVsirou.s  '>f' 
diHtinelioM,  lie  went  to  France  anil  was  ('onneeled  '.vitli  a  lireta^;np  regiment.  Me  attiaelid  atten- 
tion by  hii*  bravery  at  Mal|)la<iiiet,  in  ."^eptenilier,  ITilO,  wlicire  the  Duke  of  Marlliorougli  difealed 
tlie  Krencli.    After  he  returned  to  Canada  be  bad  tlie  rank  of  ensign. 

3.     J'ort  St.  Krancis  is  tho  iiauie  given  in  Cresiiel's   V'.i/agrs. 


jumy,  uliuixloiiirig  ovorytljin^  in  lln'ii"  villiiifOH,  iind  rotreiitiiii;  to  the 
t'Diintry  of  tho  Aioiics  (lowuy).  Imyoml  tlu>  MiKsissippi.  On  tlu« 
Iwi'iity  loiirtli  of  the  nioiitli  he  rt'iicliud  tlu'  villiitji'  of  tlu;  I'lmtis 
(\Viiiii*'li;i^o('s),  wlio  liHil  i\Un  run  uw:iy.  Upon  liis  rt-turn  ho  Imrni^d 
Fort  St.  Fnincis,  li'»i  the  JJonards  shouM  rotni'n.  taUo  poHHession,  imd 
•make  war  u])on  ll'o  Follcs  Avoincs,  who  wrri'  allii's  ol'  tlio  I'^ronch. 
l)c  lituiijc'ii  was  the  second  in  conitnuiid  of  tliin  oxpi-dition,  and  was 
not  satinfu'd  with  l><'  l/ij^n-sry's  condiut. 

On  ut'c-nurit  of  tin-  ho,>-iility  c^f  tin.-  Indians,  tho  post  on  LaUo  I't'pin, 
in  Octohcr.  ITiiS.  was  it-ft  in  char^^o  of  u  youth  twenty  years  ohi. 
Christopher  DutVost.'  the  Sii-nr  do  hi  .leineraye;  and  twelve  persons, 
iiinontf  whom  weri-  the  Siciir  de  Hou.'herville,  .Fean  IJajttiste  Boucher, 
the  Sieur  Monthfuii.  and  tlie  Jesuit  (JuiLcnns,  eniharlved  witii  their 
j^oods,  in  eanoes,  \\>v  Montreal,  hy  way  of  the  Illinois  river,  as  tho 
Jiostility  of  the  Foxes  prevented  the  route  hy  tho  Wisconsin.  ()n  the 
twelfth  of  the  montli,  twonty-two  leagues  ahove  tho  Illinois  river, 
they  were  captun'd  l)y  the  .Mascoutons  and  Kickapoos.  who  were 
allies  of  tho  Foxes. 

An.ong  the  niannscrijtt  in  the  Farliainont  lihrary  of  (.'anada.  at 
(Ottawa,  there  is  a  ('()iiiiuunication  of  Ue  Tilly,  dated  .\pril  'I'.K  172!». 
"which  mentions  that  -eleven  Frenchmen  and  Father  (iuii;;nase  hav- 
lU'ff  loft  the  l''ort  Fcpin  to  ile>ci'iid  I  he  liver  Mississippi  as  far  as  thi' 
Illinois,  and  to  i^o  from  ihenco  to  ( 'anada,  were  capturt;d  l)y  the  Mas- 
I'oiiteiis  and  t^iiicapous,  and  hroiinht  to  the  Itiviere  an  lioeuf.  with 
the  intention  to  di'liver  them  to  the  Uenar<ls,  and  that  the  .Siour  dc 
.Montlirun  and  his  hrother,  with  another  Fivih  hmaii,  escaped  I'roni 
llieir  hands  the  niiflit  liei'ore  ilu'V  were  to  lie  surrendered  to  these  In- 
dians. The  Siour  de  Monthrun  left  his  lirothor  sick  amonic  the 
Tamaroidos.-  and  hroui^ht  the  intelligonce  to  M.  le  General,  avoiding 
certain  posts  on  the  way  to  isca|)e  tho   Mascoutens   and   (^uica])ous." 

(iovernor  Beauharnois,  on  tlu;  twenty-ninth  of Octoiier,  wrote  lothe 
l''rench  (Jovornment :  "I  have  the  hoinu'  to  rc]>ort,  upon  what  has 
passed  upon  the  jtart  of  ilii"  lvicka|)oos  and  .Nfascoutons  who  arrested 
tht>  French  coming  fnnn  tlie  post  of  tho  Sioux,  and  the  enterprise  ol 
Siour  tlo  .Montbrun,  after  his  l•^(■ap(•  Iron)  the   village  of  the  savages 


\ 


I.    He  was  the  8011  uC  u  naval  oflicor  who  in  li)9>*  was  in  coraniniul  at  Fort  Kronti-nar.    Hi.s 
111  illior's  maliivn  naiup  was  Marie  (Itialtier,  and  on  I)oi\  7,  1707,  he  was  horn. 
2-    The  Taiuarols  wore  a  baml  ol'  ilio  Illinois  Imimns. 


.,1 

I 


8 

It)  liiiii:^  us  I  lie  iH'Ws  of  till'  allaii'.  Ilf  is  u  |M't.~<)ri  ztiilons  in  tlir 
Mi'i'vio' ol' liis  iiiajt'sly.  iiii'l  I  ijiii  lud  ii'I'ms»- tin' i('(|iu'si  In-  has  jiuiih'  to 
writ*'  (<)  Villi  to  |irii(un'  liis  |ti'i>iii(>liiiii,     lie  is  caili't  of  ilic  troop  unil 

U  llKti^t  CXwIlt'llI   otliciT.  I 

'I'lu'  Sifiir  <lf  la  .Ifiiifrayi".  wlio  rfiiiaiiifi  aitioni;  tlic  Si(»iix  with 
HoiiK!  l"'n'ii(liMU'ii.  U'lt  Fnikt'  I'l'pin  an<l  l»roiii;lit  tin-  I{fii!ir<|s'  cliict'  to 
till'  I'ivcr  Si,  .loscph-  also  dcscrvos  yoiir  pro|(<lioii." 

Hoiicln'rvillc  aixl  (iuii;uas  iH-iiiaiin'il  prisoticrs  for  scvrrul  inoiitlis. 
and  I  lie  foriiu'i' lii'l  not  ifacii  l)<ii'oit  until  .1  nin',  I7l'!I.  'I'Iu'  arcoiint 
of  cxpi-nfliliiros  niaijc  diii'iiii^  liis  caiitivity  is  intt'ivstili^  as  showini;- 
the  value  of  nu'riliHiiiiise  at  that  tinu'.      It  rfads  as  follows  : 

'•  Miinorainliini  of  the  y;()o(|s  that  MonsitMir  do  HoiulieivilK'  wuh 
ohliirod  to  furnish  in  tho  stTvico  of  tlu'  kin^j,  from  the  tinio  of  hiw  do- 
lent  ion  anion;;'  the  Ki(dvapo()s,  on  the  twclttli  of  <  )(|ol)i'r,  17-^.  until  his 
ri'tiini  to  Dctriiit.  in  llu- year  17-!*,  in  the  nioiitli  of. lime  < 'n  arriv- 
ing:; at  I  lie  !\icUupoo  villa^re,  he  maile  a  |n*cseiit  to  t  he  yoiiiiii' men  to  se- 
<'iire  llu'ir  opposition  to  some  evil  minded  old  warriors — 
Two  liarrels  of  powder.  ea(di   fifty   pounds  at    Montrt'ul  price. 

valued  al  the  sum  of I'td  liv. 

One  hundred  pounds  ot' lead  and  halls  inaUiiii;'  the  sum  of .')()  liv. 

I'Viiir  pounds  of  vermilion,  a't   lli  fraiK-s  the  pound ISlr. 

Four  coats,  hi-aiiied.  at  twenty  tVanes SdlV. 

Si\  dozen  kni\(s  at  four  francs  the  dozen .• 24fi'. 

l''our  hundred    flints,   one  hundred  ijunworinH,  two  huiidi-od 

ramrods  and   oiu'  hundred  and   filty  tiles,  the  total  at  the 

milker's  prices IHMiv. 

After  the  Kickapoos  refiist!<l  to  ileliver  thom  to  tlu-  lU'nard>  (I'oxe.s) 
thoy  wished  some  favors,  and  I  was  obliged  to  give  them  the  following 
which  would  allow  thorn  to  weep  over  and  cover  their  dead: 

Two  braided  coats  @  20  fr.  each •. 40fr. 

Two  woolen  blankets  @  15  fr ;iO 

One  hundred  ])ounds  of  powder  (T/;,  HO  sous 75 

One  hundred  pounds  of  lead  (ft>  10  sous 25 

Two  pouniis  of  vermilion  Qn  12  fr 24 

1.  Governor  Hfauliariiois,  in  :»  coiiimdnicntlor'.  dated  May  f'.,  I7:!i),  ftlliidi's  to  the  defeat  of  tlie 
Ucnards  by  the  alllfd  Menuiiionee.s,  Ojibways  ".ikI  Winiiebntjos,  and  writos:  "  It  is  al80  confiiuieil 
by  tlie  journey  taken  since  tltls  last  adventure  by  tlie  great  chief  ff  tlie  Renards  to  tin-  Klver  St. 
Joaepli." 

2.  In  Michigan. 


9 

Mon'KVcr.  ^ivi-n  |i>  tin-  llt-tuiriiH  \i<  <uvri'  Hicir  dmil  iiinl  pre- 

|mro  them  tor  poucn,  Hliy  |(i»unilH  ol  powdrr,  miiUipj^ 75lr. 

One  liiiniln-fl  |)(>iiii(U  ot' loail  ('i,  1<>  houh 50 

Two  iioimkIh  (if  vcnniliori  ("    12  tV 24 

Dui'iiiL'  tlu'  wiiiior  u  (((MMiiliTiiljlo  puriy  wan  sent  to  rtiriku  huihis 
with  tlio  Illinois,     (riven  at  lluit  time: 

Two  bluoliiunketH  @  15  tV ;{0 

Four  Tuon's  whirts  (^>)  0  t'r 24 

l''oiir  pail*-*  of  lori;^-n»'i-|<»'(l  hottlcs  (/i.  (»  t'r 24 

l-'oiir  (lozi-n  of  knives  ('f   I  fr...  1(5 

(Jiin-wornis.  tilos.  raniroilH.  and  tliiUN.  t-siinnitrd 40 

(tivt'n   to   »Mif;a<;»    tin'   Ivickaitoos    t;>  cstablisli   tlionistih    •   upon  u 
noii^hborini;  islf,  to  prolcft  from  tlic  li-carliury  ot  the  Ucm^M-,-— 

Kotir  IdankotH  fr  l.'ifr... <)0f. 

Two  pairs  of  l.ottlos.dtr...  24 

Two  |»onndH  of  vermilion,  12fr 24 

Kour  dozon  liutch'iv  'nivos,  (Ifr 24 

T^vo  woolen  hlankols  (n]  l.'-'r 30 

Kour  pairh   h'  liottlos  (3  fifi 24 

Kour  Hhiits  Oh  t'dV 24 

Kour  dozen  <>t  i;nives  (a\  4fr It! 

The  Ilenards  having  hetruyed  and  killed  their  brothers,  the  Kicka 
))00s,  I  seizecl  the  I'avorablo  opportunity,  and  to  eucoura^ce  tin.  latter 
to  aven^o  themHolvoa.  I  j.^ave  — 

Twenty-rtve  pounds  of  powder,  (^  '50  sous .37f.l0s. 

Twenty  rive  pounds  of  had,  f^  lOs 12f.l0H. 

Two  ouns  at  .'!()  li\iTs  each (JOf. 

One-half  pound  of  Vermillion  Cf, 

Klints,  <iU]is,  worms  and  knives 20f. 

The  Illinois  eoinin<j;  to  the  Ivikapoos  villair*',  1  su[)ported  them 
at  my  expense,  and  <^«ve  (hem  powder,  halU  and  shirts  val- 
ued-it   50f 

Jn   departinii;*from  the  Ki(d<apoos  village.  1  gave  them   the 

rest  of  the  goods  for  their  good  heatmont.  estimated  at 80f. 

In  dispatches  sent  to   Krane*',  in  October,  1729,   by  the  Canadian 

gvornmcnt,    the   following  referenee   is   made  to   F\)rt    Beauharnois  : 

"They  agree  that  the  tort  built  among  tlu-  Seioux,  on  the  border  of 

Lake  Pepin,  apjtearB  to  be  btvdiy  situateii  on  account  of  the  freshets, 

*2 


mm 


10 


luit  Mic  Indians  nsHurc  that  (he  water  rose  liiuhei'  tlian  it  ovim- did 
lii'loi'c,  and  this  is  crcdiljlc  iiiii-Jtiiiirh  as  it  di('  not  readi  the  tort  this 
_vear[l7:i0].  When  Sicur  dc  hi  I'cn-iere  hx'uted  it  at  that  place  it  was 
on  I  he  iiHSurance  of  tlic  Indian^  that  tht;  waters  did  not  lisoso  hij^h  ; 
however,  he  could  not  h)catf  it  more  advanta^eouHly  in  rcirai'd  hoth  to 
the  (|uantity  of  hind  nuitabh'  for  cultivation,  and  to  the  iihundanc<' of 
^ar.ie.  *  ■'■'•  ••'•  As  the  water  nnixh'  ]iossil)ly  rise  as  liiyh.  this  foil 
could  l)e  removed  four  or  five  arj)ents  from  the  hUce  shoni  without  ]>rej- 
iidi(^o  to  I  lie  vii'ws  enterlaiiii'd  in  hiiildiuij;  it   on  its  ]»rcs^nt  site. 

■•  It  is  very  tni<'  that  these  Indians  did  leave  shortly  after  on  a  hunt- 
insf  excursion,  as  they  are  in  the  hahit  of  doini^;,  for  their  own  support 
and  that  of  their  families,  who  have  only  that  means  of  lividiliood,  as 
they  do  not  eiiltivate  the  s(mI  at  all.  M.  de  Betuiharnois  has  Just  hecii 
infornied  that  I  heir  ahseiici-  was  occasi<ine(l  only  l»y  havinij'fallen  in 
while  hunting;  witli^i  niimlier  of  jtrairie  Scionx.  hy  whom  they  were 
invited  to  aceoin]ianfy  t.hem  on  a  war  expedition  a<^ainst  the  Mahas, 
which  invitation  tijrey  ui'cepted,  and  returned  "ul}'  in  the  month  of 
.1  Illy  tbllowinir.  ^ 

"The  intorc-sts  of  reli^-ioii,  of  (he  service,  and  of  the  colon}',  are  in- 
volved in  the  maintenance  of  (his  esiahlislnnent,  which  has  been  the 
inor(>  necessary  as  there  is  no  dould  hut  the  Foxes,  w  hen  routed, 
would  have  lound  an  asylum  amon^  the  Scioux  luul  iu)t  the  French 
been  settled  there,  an<l  the  docility  an<l  suhiiiission  jnanilested  !>y  the 
Foxes  can  not  he  atlrihuled  to  an}'  cause  except  tlu'  attention  enter- 
taine<l  \<y  the  Scioux  lor  the  l-'rench,  and  the  offei's  which  the  former 
madelhe  latter,  of  which  the  I'oxes  were  fnlly  cftgnizant. 

''it  is  necessary  to  relaiii  theSeioux  ic  these  favoralde  dispositions, 
in  order  to  keep  the  l''oxes  in  (dieid<.  and  counlei'act  the  measui'cs  they 
miii;ht  adopt  to  train  over  the  Scioux,  who  will  invariahly  rejei-t  their 
propositions  so  loui;- as  I  he  French  remain  in  the  country,  an<l  their 
tra<iin<:;  ]>ost  shall  contiiuie  there.  But.  des|)ite  all  these  a(lvanta;.res 
and  the  ini|iortaiice  of  pre-in-viiiL!;  that  estahlishment.  M.  de  Beauhar- 
nois  can  not  take  any  slejts  until  he  has  news  of  the  French  who 
asked  his  jiermiss'on  this  summer  to  i;-o  up  there  with  a  canoe  load  ol 
i;-oo<ls,  an<l  iiniil  assured  (hat  those  who  wintered  there  Iiavtt  not  dis- 
mantled the  fort,  and  (  hat  the  Scioux  continue  in  the  same  sentinu'nts. 
Besiiles.  it  does  not  seem  very  easy,  in  tlu'  })rt\sent  conjiuicture  to 
juaintain  that  post  unless  there  is  a  solid  peace  with  the  Foxes;  on 


11 


[itions, 

tlu'y 

'lirir 

I  lifir 

t  [i/jjes 

luiliai'- 

|i  wlio 

ilUll  ot 

|)l  ili.s- 
lurils. 
Ire  to 
\s,  oil 


the  other  haii'l.  tlio  greatest  portion  oi  the  tnulers  who  a|)j)Iieil  in 
1727  for  the  osral)iishnieiit  ul"  th;it  post  hii\e  wiliidrawn  :ui'l  will  not 
.sen<!  tliither  any  more,  as  thtv  rupture  witli  tlie  Foxes,  throui^h  whose 
country  it  is  neecssaiy  tu  pass  in  order  to  reach  the  Sciou.x  in  canot;. 
has  led  them  lo  abandon  the  ich'a.  Hut  tlie  one  and  the  oilier  east; 
might  bo  remedied.  The  Foxoh  will,  in  all  ]»rol>altiiit y.  come  or  send 
next  yeur  to  sue  tor  peace;  therefore,  if  it  be  granted  to  them  on  ad 
vaniageons  conditions,  there  neeil  be  no  appreben>ion  when  going  to 
the  Scloux,  and  another  company  cuuid  be  foi-med,  less  numerous  tliaii 
the  lirst.  through  whom,  or  some  responsible  merchants  al>le  to  afford 
the  <tutrtt.  a  new  I  reaty  could  lie  made,  whereby  these  dilHcidlies  would 
be  soon  obviated.  One  only  trouidc  remain^,  and  thai  is.  to  send  a  <'oni- 
manding  and  sub-o(tieer  and  some  soldier.>-  tip  tber",  whicb  are  abso- 
luteh'  necessary  foi'  the  maintenance  of  good  order  at  that  post;  the 
missionaries  would  not  go  there  without  a  conimandaut  This  article, 
which  regards  the  service,  ami  the  i-xpciisc  of  whicb  must  be  on  his 
nuijesty's  account,  obliges  them  to  apply  foi-  oivbfs.  They  will,  as  far 
as  lies  in  their  power,  induce  the  (radir>  to  meet  thai  expense,  which 
will  possibly  amount  \i>  l.OOti  livresor  1.50(1  livresayear  l'oi-tln'  <'(»m- 
mundant,  and  in  ]»roj)ortion  for  the  ollieer  under  him:  liut.  as  iu  the 
beginning  of  an  establishment  the  expenses  exceed  the  profits,  it  is 
iniprobable  that  any  company  of  mei-chants  will  assume  the  outlay, 
and  in  this  case  they  demanil  orders  on  this  point,  as  well  :is  bis  nui- 
jesty's oj)inion  as  to  the  necessity  of  ]>resci'ving  so  usel'ul  a  post,  and 
a  nation  which  iias  already  allbrded  proofs  of  its  fidelity  and  attach- 
ment." 

TIh\  Canadian  authorities  determined  to  send  ati  expedition  against 
the  insolent  Renai'ds  and  their  allies,  in  Mairb.  17.'!(l.  the  Sieur  Marin 
then  in  conimand  among  tin  I'olles  .\voine8  (Menomon<es).  with  a 
niiml)ei'  of  friendly  lndian>.  niovi'd  against  the  K'cnards  and  had 
un  engagement  of  the  '-warmest  (duuiu-ter."  huring  the  iiontb  of 
Sej>tendter  of  the  same  year  a  force  under  Sieur  ile  \'illic-rs  vanijin'-hed 
the  tribe,  and  the  I'rencdi  u'ovei'nmeiit  was  infornu-d  that  "two  Imn- 
dred  oi'  their  warriors  Inive  iieeu  killed  on  the  spot,  or  burned  afti'r 
having  been  taken  as  slaves,  and  six  hundred  women  and  <'bildren 
were  destroyed." 

After  tiie  victory  over  the  Kenards  steps  were  taken  to  rebuild  the 
pOHt  on  a  nioi'e  elevated   spot  neai' the  lirst    ite  on  l^ake  I'epin.      In 


12 


.Tune,  17'^l.Siour  Linct(jt  wan  ii^tpoiiitcfl  cDiiiiuarKlMnt.  an<I  SiourPort- 
neuf  wuH  tlio  next  olHcor  in  rank.  Aiiioiiij;  tlioHi'  now  iiitertsted  in  ti'iide 
witli  tl)(^  Sioux  were  Fnincis  ('ainpeau,  Josejili  and  Piei're  Le  Duo, 
and  tlic  son  ol  linctot,  a  (^adel.  A  new  sto<i<;'.de  was  ordered  to  bo 
constructed  niie  liiindtvd  nnd  twenty  I'ect  s(|ua/-e,  with  four  li'.istions, 
and  acconiiuodalioiiH  within  forthi:  C(»uimund;iiit. 

liinclot  pasrted  the  winter  ot  IT.'ll-L*  at  l*cirot's  Hrst  entalilishinent 
'•  Montai:;nc  ([iii  ti'einpe  (hins  luau."  In  iht  sprini!;  lie  asti'n(U'<l  to  the 
site  of  the  |>(>st  on  Saiidy  Point,  where  he  lound  :i  hu'<fe  numl)er  of 
Sionx  who  rxpresscd  satisfaclion  ut  the  ri;tnrn  of  tiie  French. 

Upon  the  sixteeriln  of  Se|ileinl)i'i'.  17.">.">.  the  Renards  (  Koxes)  and 
SalviH  (Saul<K)  a|)peai'ed  at  (li'een  15ay.  l>ut  were  put  to  flij^lit  hy  the 
Hon  of  >'ieur  de  V'iiliers.  'I'h*-  Sioux  ami  Ayouai.s  ( loway)  i-efused  to 
]iroteet  them  and  they  were  ohii<>-ed  to  descend  the  •'Oua[>si[»iJick-atn" 
river,  whiidi  flows  into  the  Mississippi  altove  liock  Island. 

iilack  Hawk,  the  ceU'lirattMl  Sauk  chief  ea|)ture(|  in  18)^2,  told  bis 
l)ioo;nvpiH  r  that  his  peo[)le  inovi^d  to  thai  vicinity  about  one  hundred 
years  hc-foi-e,  and  that  in  17<I8  he  was  born. 

At  the  rc<|uesl  ol  ihe  elder  I.inctot  he  was  relieved  of  tlie  coniniand 
opposite  Maiden  Rock,  Lake  Pepin,  and  in  IT.'io.  lietcai'deur  Saint 
Pici're  took  coniniand.  In  ;i  (•oniuiiiui(  at  ion  dated  twelftli  of  October, 
173(5,  l>y  till'  Caiuidiaii  aulhoritic'-i,  is  the  folIc)win^':  'In  regard  to 
the  Seioux,  Saint  Pierri!,  who  coinnumded  at  that  post,  and  Father 
(ruignas.  the  nd^-sionary.  liavi'  written  to  Sieur  de  Heauharnois  on  the 
ti'utli  and  eleveidh  of  last  A|)ril.  that  these  Jndians  apiieai"e<l  well  in- 
tctitioned  toward  the  I-'reuch.  and  had  no  other  tear  than  that  of  bein_j,( 
al)andoned  by  thcni,  Sieur  di'  Heauharnois  annexes  an  extract  of 
these  letters,  and  althoujili  tli^^"  Seioux  seem  very  friendly,  the  result 
only  can  tell  whethei-  this  fidelity  is  to  be  absolutedy  depended  upon, 
for  the  unrestrained  and  inconsistent  spirit  which  comi)OHes  the  Indian 
character  may  easily  (diange  it.  They  luivenot  come  over  this  summer 
as  yet,  but  .M.  de  la  St.  Pieire  is  to  i^et  them  to  do  so  next  }  ear,  and 
to  hav*^  an  eye  on  theii-  pro(H>edings." 

Upon  the  sixth  of  May,  17:>ft.  one  hundred  and  forty  Sionx  arrived 
at,  tlu!  fort,  and  said  they  were  takiuir  back  to  the  Ptians  a  slave  who 
Innl  Hed  to  them.  Saint  Pierre  tojil  them  thai  he  thought  it  was  a 
large  guard  for  one  woman,  and  they  then  alleged  that  they  were 
going  to  hunt  turkeys  to  obtain  feathers  lor   their  arrows.     Contin- 


l.*^ 


Ill 


(1  1<> 

the 

iii- 


•l    of 

I'esult 

ipon, 

uliali 

iiinor 

and 


uij'f^  their  journey  ilown  the  Mississij)])!,  llioy  mot  and  scalped  two 
Frenchmen.  When  Saint  Tierre  was  on  a  visit  u\<  ihe  river  to  nee 
about  buildinif  another  post,  the  hiwless  party  returned,  and  for  four 
days  (hinced  the  scalp  ihmce  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fort. 

Two  canoes  of  Sault«'aux  (Ojihways)  arrived  from  Jia  I'ointe,  Lake 
Superior,  on  tlie  twenty-third  of  August  with  letters  fi-oni  Nolan, 
Logros  and  iiourassa.  ccmi'.  cyiiii;-  the  startling  news  that  the  Sioux  of 
tlie  Woods  with  a  few  of  tlu^  Sioux  of  the  I'rairies  had  killed  a  num- 
ber of  V^ereiidrye's  exploring  party,  at  the  fiaUe  ot  the  Woods. 

On  the  tifticnth  ol'  .\ugust.  17i>l,  ari'ived  at  the  CJrand  Portage, 
near  Pigeon  i-iver,  the  nortiieastern  extremity  of  Minnesota,  on  the 
(shore  of  Jjake  Superior.  Pierre  (iiudtier  V'areni\es.  tha  Sieur  Voren- 
drye  (Verandrie),  with  an  expedition  in  search  of  a  route  to  the  Pa- 
cific ocean.  The  s(!cond  in  eoniiiiand  was  his  nephew,  the  l>ravo 
youth  Christopher  Dutrost,  the  Sieur  de  la  .lemerayt',  who  for  a  time 
was  in  charge  ot  Foi-i  Beauharnois.  l)uring  the  autumn,  by  ditiicult 
portages  the  Sieur  de  la.linieraye  and  two  sons  of  Vereiidrye  reached 
Uainy  Ijake,  and  established  a  trading  |)ost,  calle<l  Fort  St.  Pierre. 

About,  tlie  middle  of  .luly.  17;{2,  Fort  St.  Pierre  was  left,  and  the  ex- 
plorers ascended  to  the  Lake*  of  the  Woods,  where  they  erected  Fort 
St.  ( /harles.  l)ui-ing  the  yeai'  \7'->^i.  tiie  Sieur  de  la  .l<'meray<?  went  to 
Montrtud  to  atteml  to  his  uncle's  business,  and  in  the  beginning  of 
March  a  l>arty,  conducted  by  the  eldest  son  of  Vereudrye,  moved 
westward  and  established  F<u't  .Maurepiiw,  near  the  entrance  to  Lake 
Winnipeg,  which  in  Sejitember.  173.').  was  in  eharge  of  Sieur  de  la 
.lemoraje,  who  had  returned,  and  during  the  following  winter  two 
sons  ot  Vereiidrye  remained  there.  During  the  spring  of  1736  .leme- 
rayedied  at  the  post.  IJi>on  thi'  eighth  of.luiie  Auneau,  the  chajdain, 
and  one  of  the  soils  of  \ Cri'iidrye,  with  some  voyageurs,  left  the  jiost 
on  the  shore  ot  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  to  go  to  Maclciiiaw,  and  while 
encamped  upon  an  islaiil  in  i  he  lake  seven  leagues  triuu  Fort  St. 
Charles,  they  were  sui'prised  by  the  Sioux,  and  the  who'"  party  of 
twenty-one  killed.  Some  days  after,  live  voyageurs  stopped  at  the 
island,  and  found  the  Jesuit  chaplain,  .\uneau.  with  an  arrow  in  his 
l^rain.  The  son  of  Veremlrye  was  lying  upon  his  b;uk.  and  his  Hesh 
hacked  In'  tomahawks.  His  head  had  been  removed  and  was  orna- 
mented with  garters  and  bracelets  of  jiorcupine  (piills. 

The  sixteenth  of  September  there  came  to  the  Lake  Pe])in  jiost  ten 


■< 


u 


three  chiefs,  and  two  yoiinj^  shives,  brin;;in<^  n  i(iiunlity  of 
8kiiis,  which  they  diilivcred    to  Saint    Pierre  as  a   |»l«<i^f(!  of 


TndianH 
heav 

friendship,  an<l  de(;hircHl  that  they  iiad  no  part  in  tht*  atta<'lv  at  the 
Fiake  of  tfie  Woods.  They  were  tiien  aski-d  as  to  their  knowledire  of 
the  killing  of  two  Frenchmen  on  tiie  Mississippi.  The  next  day  a 
eliief  came  witii  three  younu;  men,  one  of  wiioni  wort^  in  his  eai-  a 
silver  pendant.  When  asked  by  Saint  I'ierre  how  he  obtained  the 
ornament,  ho  smiled  l)nt  would  not  answer.  The  captain  tort;  it  from 
his  ear,  and  fonnd  it  was  similar  to  thosi;  sold  by  the  traders,  and 
placed  him  nndi'r  ifuard. 

Thirty  six  men  and  their  families,  on  the  eii^hteeiith  of  I)ocend)er 
arrived  and  |)assin^  the  Fort,  visited  son)e  l*uans  ( Winneba^'oes)  en- 
cami)e(l  in  the  vicinity.  Ouakantape  (  Wall  kan-tah-jtay)  was  the 
chief  and  tpiite  insolent,  and  some  of  the  party  burned  tiie  piekels 
aroiin<l  the  garden  (d"  Father  (iuii;iias.  the  chaplain. 

The  ifates  of  the  post  were  o|)ened  about  eij^ht  o'clock  of  the  morn- 
ing of  the  twenty-fourtli  of  January  1737,  to  admit  a  wood  carl, 
when  some  of  tlie  Sioux  pushed  in  and  deiiantly  i)ehaved.  Upon  the 
twentieth  of  .March  thirty  Sioux  appeared  from  I'ond  du  i.ae  Supe- 
rior where  they  had  scalped  an  Ojibway,  his  wile  and  (duld.  The  next 
May  a  war  party  ol'  Ojibways  came  and  wished  the  Ftuiiis  to  unite 
with  them  against  the  Sioux.  While  they  weiv  jiarleyiiig,  live  Sitjux 
came  to  the  P'ort  to  ti'ade,  ami  wee  protectivl  until  night,  when  they 
were  permitted  to  leave.  An  Ojibway  lying  in  an  ambush,  who  s))oke 
Sioux,  arose  and  asked  ••  Who  are  y(^u  ?",  when  the  Sioux  tired  and 
escaped.  In  view  of  the  hostility  of  the  Indians.  Saint  Pierre,  after 
conferring  with  Sieur  Linctot  tlus  second  in  couimand.  Fathi'r  (luig- 
nas,  !Uid  some  others,  on  the  thirteenth  of  May  1737,  burned  the  post, 
and  descended  the  Mississippi. 

Upon  the  eighteenth  of  June,  173S.  the  Sieur  Verendrye  i»'ft  Mon- 
treal to  continue  his  discoveries,  lie  arrived  at  Fort  Maurej)as  on 
twenty-third  of  Septemlter,  and  pushed  on  throtigh  Lake  Winnipeg, 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Assiniboine  liiver,  ascending  which  sixty  leagues, 
on  the  third  of  October  stopjied  anil  built  Fort  La  Heine.  A  lit- 
tle while  before,  theeldestson  of  Veiendrye'  built  a  ])ost  at  the  ujonth 
of  the  Assiniboine  and  Red  Hivei-  of  the  North,  which  was  so m  al)an- 
doned.     On  !i  map  of  (he  tribes.  I'iveis  and  lakes  west  of   Lake  Supe- 

1.    For  an  aci-oiint  of  a  tour  to  the  Uo(^ky  Mountnins  by  tho  sons  nf  Verondrye,  sen   ApiteruHr. 


IB 


pii- 

■ir 
.-ii 

Ilt- 
|tl> 

III- 


rlor,  ill  1737.  a|»po:irs  I'oil  Liil<t>  of  Miinu'sota,  \hv  licil  Itivi'i-.  iiiid  tho 
'•  H()'\H  Foi't.'   iIk'    liii^  Woods. 

A  few  (lays  after  Fort  hn  Iteino  was  cstaltlisliod,  llio  Siour  do  lu 
Manpn'.  wliose  t'atnily  name  was  .Miiriii.  arrived  witli  his  brother  de- 
siring to  visit  the  country  of  the  Maiidaiis. 

Tiio  F'oxes  ill  1740  au;aiii  liecanu;  trouhiesonic.  and  th(^]ios(  on  Lake 
Pepin  was  for  a  time  ah mdoned  \>y  the  French.  A  dispateh  in  1741 
uses  tliis  hmi^uai^e:  "The  Marquis  du  Beauhaitioia"  opinion  respect- 
injj;  the  war  against  tin'  Foxes,  has  heon  the  inorc^  readil}'  apjiroved  by 
the  Baron  de  Longeuil,  Messieurs  De  la  Chassaigne,  liii  Corno.  de  Lig- 
nory,  La  None,  and  ])u|ilessi8-Fahert.  wliom  he  had  assemhled  at  his 
house,  as  it  ajipears  from  all  tlu^  letters  that  the  Count  has  written  tor 
several  years,  that  he  has  nothing  so  nuieh  at  heart  as  the  destrue- 
'  .on  of  that  Indian  nation,  wlii'di  can  not  he  prevailed  on  by  the 
px'osents  and  the  good  treatment  of  the  French,  to  live  in  ])eace,  not- 
withstanding all  its  i>roini8es. 

"  Besides,  it  is  n<vtorious  that  the  Foxes  have  a  secret  understand- 
ing with  tlie  iiTMpiois.  to  .secure  a  retreat  among  the  lattei",  in  case 
they  he  oldiged  to  abandon  their  villages.  They  have  one  already  se- 
cure<l  among  the  Sioux  of  the  prairies,  with  whom  they  are  allied  ;  so 
that,  should  they  be  advised  bet<)rehand  of  the  di-sigii  of  the  French 
to  wage  war  against  them,  it  would  be  easy  t'o:-  them  to  retire  to  the 
one  or  the  other  before  t  heir  pas.sage  could  be  intt'i'sected  or  them- 
selves attacked  in  their  villages.' 

in  the  sumiii(>r  of  1748.  a  deputation  ot  the  Sioii.\  came  ilowii  to 
(^uebi'c,  to  a^l<  that  trade  might  be  resiiini'd.  Three  yeai's  after  this, 
four  Sioux  chiefs  came  to  (Quebec,  and  wished  that  a  commandant 
might  be  sent  to  Fort  Heauburnois;   whi(d>  was  not  granted. 

DnriiiLr  the  winter  of  174r>-li,  \)v  Lusignan  visiti'(l  the  Sioux  coun- 
ti'_\'.  onleri^d  by  the  goViu'iiment  to  hunt  up  the  "coureiirs  des  hois." 
and  withdraw  them  from  tin-  c()iiiit  ry.  They  started  to  return  with 
him.  but  learning  that  they  would  be  arrested  at  ^^ackinaw,  for  vio- 
lation of  law.  th'^y  ran  away.  While  at  the  villages  of  the  Sioux  of 
the  lake.s  and  plains,  the  chiefs  brought  to  this  officer  nineteen  of  their 
young  men,  bound  with  cords,  who  had  killed  three  Fiemdunen,  at 
the  Illinois.  While  he  remained  with  them  they  made  peace  with  the 
Ojibways  of  La  I'ointe.  with  wh(jm  they  had  been  at  war  for  some 
time.  On  his  ivtiirn.  four  (hiefs  accompanied  him  to  Montreal,  to 
solicit  pardon  for  their  young  braves. 


,4     >l 

f 


I  ' 


M 


16 

Tlio  loflHoofl  of  the  tnv<linL(  post  losi  many  of  lluit-  jKltcifs  ihiit 
winter  in  coiiserjuonfe  (d"  a  tire 

In  N()V('tnl)Of.  174.').  Lt'iranliiir  do  Saint  i'ionv.  St.  Liicdc  la  ( 'orne, 
Mjirin  and  liis  son  Kit  Monii-ciil  to  attack  the  Knj,HiHli  HotlU-tniMitH  in 
iNcw  York.  PsL-^sini.;  Fort  St.  Froirrirk,  at  (>"i'own  I'oint,  on  tho  tliir- 
tuontli  ol'tlu'  nionili,  l)y  tho  twnuty-si  venth,  tho  FriMvIi  and  Indians 
wri'c  at  Fort  }"'d  ward.  On  tho  next  day  thoy  oro.sHod  Fisli  crook,  a  trilt- 
utary  of  the  Hudson,  and  tho  c'on)hincd  forces  iindor  tho  older  Marin. 
attacked  tiio  Hcttloin<Mit  of  Sarato/i;;i.  killod  ('apt.  I'hilip  Schuylor 
and  nniny  others,  took  .-^ixty  pris<inors,  and  liurnod  nearly  all  the 
houses.  Tiiey  then  rotracod  thoir  stop>  and  on  the  si'voiith  of  \h\- 
cornl'Or  retiirnt:d  to  Montreal.  Upon  the  thirtieth  of  tho  sanie  mouth 
Saint  lMen\!  was  sent  aijain  to  (/rown  Point  nith  a  lai'f^e  force  to 
surprise  tho  froidier  settlements  of  Xew  York  and  Now  Englatid. 
Ho  passed  the  wintcM-  in  alarming  the  Kui^lish.  and  in  April  was  again 
in  ^fontroal.  hui-ing  the  lattoi-  part  of  the  riexi  year  he  was  sent  to 
Mackinaw,  wliithei-  he  was  acconi|tanied  liy  hi.s  lu'other  Jjouis  iiO- 
gardeur,  the  (Mievalier  do  Hepentigny. 

In  1749  t  he  .Sioux  earnest  ly  out  real  ed  tin  elder  Marin  '  to  use  his 
influence  with  the  governor  of  Canada  to  re-estal»lisli  the  jiost  at 
Lake  I'opin.  The  next  year  .Maiin  was  sunt  to  the  Sioux,  and  La.lon- 
(|uiore,  the  govei'iioi-  of  ('anada,  direcie<l  him  to  procei.'d  to  the  source 
of  tho  Mississippi  river  to  se<'  if  .-ome  stream  could  not  l)(*  discovero<l, 
at  the  height  ol  lands.  wln(di  tlowed  toward  tho  western  ocean.  Ma- 
rin's son.  known  as  the  ('lu>valier  and  cajjtain  of  the  military  order 
of  St.  Louis,  the  same  year  that  his  fathei-  wont  to  fjake  Pojiin,  was 
ordered  to  "  i^a  Point<'  i\t'  Chagouamigon  "  ol'  Lake  Superior  and  re- 
mained two  years,  and  in  17.")2  (iovernoi-  La  ,lon<|uiore  directed  hinv 
to  relieve,  his  father  at  the  Lak»'  Pepin  post,  and  ti>  prosecutes  discov- 
eries. He  remained  here  for  two  years,  and  on  foot  journeyed  many 
leagues  hoth  in  winter  and  sumni(;r.  Saint  Pieire  had  been  active  in 
tho  servici'  from  the  time  that  he  ','vacuated  the  post  at  Jjake  Pepin. 
After  the  (hath  of  .Sieur  Verendrye,  in  l>ecomher.  1749,  ho  was  (com- 
missioned l»y  tho  governor  of  Canada  to  continue  the  explorations 
toward  the  western  ocean.     Ho  left  Montreal  in  June.  1V50,   and   on 

1.  I'ii'rro  i'a\il,  "on  of  Cusiir  Alarin,  and  liis  will!,  wlii  wius  tho  iliuightcr  nf  l)e  C'iilli«>res,  gov- 
eroor  of  <'aoa<l:i,  whs  born  Maioli  I'.i,  Ki'.i'i,  and  from  Mis  youth  was  (Hstiiigiilshed  for  liis  'lolduesa 
and  energy,    lie  was  Uiurried  March  il,  1V18,  to  Marie  (iuyon. 


17 


lilt'  t  went  \ -iiiiit  li  III'  S.-|i(rinlifi'  ri'inlicil    l\'aiiiy    lake,  ami  in  a  coiit'iT 
I'lirc     witli    lln'   < 'risdiaiix    lolil    thciii    tlial    tlir   yiiiin<;-i'r    Maiiii    liail 
lii'cii  soiit  t"  tlu'  Sioux,  ami  llial  lie  now  liopid   tlif  war  ln'turcn   tin* 
t  wo  trilirs  would  ccasi'.  . 

i>urinn'  t  111'  winter  ot  IT.')]  lie  was  at  I'orl  La  Ht'ino  on  tin  Assini- 
Itoiiic  river,  on  I  lie  t  went y-niiitli  of  May  of  that  year,  sent  Boucher 
(le  Nivevville.  with  two  canoes  and  ten  men,  to  ascend  tlieSaskatehewnn 
and  htiild  a  post  near  the  Rot-ky  neiunlains  which  was  <all''d  La  .Ion-, 
quiere.  The  lattci-  jiari  of  this  year  the  ,\ssinihoines  and  other  ti'ilie> 
toward  the  Jloeky  mountains  showed  hostilities  to  the  Ki-ench.  and 
Saint  Pierre  declai'ed  that  dnrinif  lh(^  thirty-six  yeai's  he  had  heeu 
anntnu:  Indiiuis,  lu'  had  nevei-  witnessed  i^reater  pertidy, 

I'lion  the  twenty-second  of  l'\'liiauirv,  17.')2,  two  hunilii-d  .\ssini- 
hiiincs  ai)peare<l  at  l''ort  La  Keine,  passed  its  gates,  took  ])08Session  of 
the  i^nard  house,  and  showed  a  disposition  to  kill  Saint  Pierre,  I'nr- 
iuii-thc  summer  he  ahamloned  llu'  fort,  and  on  the  twiMity-tifth  of  .'niy 
ari'ived  at  thelii'and  Portairi'  of  I;ake  Superior,  south  ol  Pi^jeon  Rix'or- 
The  next  winter  he  passed  in  the  valley  of  the  l{r({  river,  wlu'ri- hunl- 
ini^  w  as  irood.  ()n  the  twenty-ninth  of  Keliruary.  175)5.  he  rcccivi'd 
a  letter  from  Marin's  son,  who  wi'ote  that  the  .Sioux  cf  the  rixci's  and 
lakes  de]>lored  the  atta<dv  of  the  Sioux  of  the  prairies  ujion  the  Cris- 
tinaux  the  year  hefore.  and  they  would  he  pleased  to  hold  a  confer- 
ence at  Mackinaw,  This  letter  was  not  received  hy  lieixardeur  Saint 
Pieri'e  until  the  twenty-sixth  of  May,  at  the  lower  part  of  the  ri\cr 
0\inepik  (Wiiinipeii;),and  on  the  twenty  cin'hth  of  .Inly  In-  and  Honeher 
de  Niverville  came  to  (irand  Portaii'e.  helow  i'ii!;eon  river.  Lake  Su- 
jierior.  The  month  helbre.  the  elder  .^L\rin  who  had  retnrned  from 
the  Sioux  country,  arrived  at  Pres(iue  Isle.  Lake  Hrie.  with  an  army 
of  French  and  Indians  to  prevent  the  a<lvariee  of  the  Kiiiflish  into  the 
valley  of  the  Ohio  river.  Cuttinu'  a  I'oad  ihiouu-h  the  wo(»ds  of  North- 
western Pennsvlvania  to  a  hi'anch  of  the  .\u  Hieiif.  called  hy  the 
Hnglish  French  creek,  he  in  Auiiust.  built  a  stockade,  with  ]iit'kets 
twelve  leet  hi^';h,  and  placeil  before  the  i^ate  a  four  pound  cannon, 
and  in  the  bastions  six-poundei-s.  Dui'ini;-  the  fall  he  was  attacked 
with  d^'^sentery,  and  while  sick  a  mcs8en<fer  came  from  Montri-al. 
bearing  for  him  tlu'  decoratioJi  ot'  the  cross  f)f  the  military  ordei- of 
Saint  Louis,  lie  was  too  ill  to  wear  it,  and  on  the  twenty-ninth  of 
October,  died. 


(    ( 


I 


'I 


18  » 

Tlio  tbllowiiifj;  i-fconl'  has  ln'oii  j)resorvecl:  -'In  tlic  year  ono  tliou 
•sand  seven  hundred  uiid  liCty-throe,  on  the  tvvonty-niiitli  iluy  ot' Ooto- 
h<;i',  at  I'oiir  and  a  haU  in  iho  oxonin;;,  at  'rJiviere  aux  Hceiif'.'  ealled 
■Saiiif  l^etor,  Monsieur  Pierre  I'aid,  Kstj.,  Sieur  de  iMarin,  (dievalier  ot 
royal  niilitai\v  order  of  Sairit  liouis.  eaptain  general,  and  in  eomniand 
of  the  army  ut  I'clle  IJiviere  (Oliio).  at  the  a<,'e  of  sixty-thri'e  years, 
all*'!'  Iia\ini^  reeeivod  the  sacraments  (d  penanee,  extreme  unction, 
and  the  vialirum.  His  remains  were  iiitfri'i'd  in  the  cemeteiy  ot 
said  t'oi't.  and.durini;-  tiii^  cunipaiun  of  the  iitdie  Kivieiv.  Tiiere  wen- 
])reserii  at  Ids  interment  >[onsieur  liepenti^ny,  eomniamh'r  of  tlie 
aiiove-nicnbloned  army;  Messieurs  du  Muy.  lieutenant  of  infantry; 
Honois,  lieutenant  of  infantry ;  (It!  Simlilin,  major  of  ijie  above-men- 
tioned fort;  Laforee,  guard  ol'  the  magazine." 

The  regislei-  is  signed  hy  a  priest  ol'  the  IJer-ollect  Franciscans, 
chajjlain  of  llu'  fort   Fr.  heiiys  ]iaron. 

Saint  Pierr^;  arrived  ut  Montreal  from  the  distant  west  on  the 
SL'venth  day  of  (^t-toher.  and  oti  tin;  third  of  .Vovemher  the  Marquis 
<lu  (^hiesiie  wrote  to  the  .Minister  of  wai'  in  I'' ranee  that  he  had  serit 
the  Sieiii"  de  Saint  I'ieri't^  to  su''ceed  .M:u'in  in  the  command  of  the 
Arm}'  of  the  Ohio.  He  did  not  reacdi  the  stoclcade  at  ^'rencdi  crtudv 
imtil  the  first  week  in  Decemher.  and  seven  days  atti'r  his  arrival, 
<'amt^  young  (ieorge  Washington  with  a  letter  from  (iovei'iior  |)in- 
widdie,  of  Virginia.  After  courteous  treatment  fi'om  Saint  Pierre  tor 
several  days  he  was  sent  hack  with  the  following  note: 

'■Sir:  As  I  have  the  honor  to  he  here  the  conunaiider-in-chie}',  M- 
Washington  <K'livered  to  me  the  letter  whi(di  you  wrote  to  tlu'  com- 
mandant of  the  Frencdi  ti'oops.  1  shouhl  havi.'  heen  ])leased  that  yon 
had. given  him  oi-der.  oi-  thai  1k'  had  heen  disposed  to  go  to  Canada  to 
see  our  (ieneral  to  whom  it  hetti'r  helongs,  than  to  me.  to  sbt  t'orth 
the  evidence  of  tlm  in  con  test  a  hie  rights  of  the  King,  my  master,  to  the 
lands  along  the  Ohio,  and  to  refute  the  pretentions  of  the  King  of 
<Jreat  Bidtain  thereto.  I  shall  transmit  your  letter  to  M.  the  Mav([uis 
du  ((Juesne.  His  reply  will  he  law  to  me.  and  if  he  shall  order  me  to 
communicate  with  you,  you  may  be  assured  that  I  shall  not  fail  to  act 
jiromptly. 

As  to  the  summons  you  send  nie  to  I'etire,  1  do  not  thiid<  1  am 
obliged  to  ol»ey.  Whatev*'r  may  be  your  instructions,  [  am  here  by 
ordei' of  my  general,  and  I  beg  you  not  to  doubt  foi"  a  moment  but 
that  I  am  detei'inined  to  conform  with   the  exactness   and   j-esolutioji 

1.    l.ambin)('9  Foil  DitijiiPsne  Registem. 


10 


\vliicli  hc.coincrt  a  <;oo(l  ofllocr.  1  do  not  know  lluil  in  the  prof^ross  of 
lliis  canipiiif^n  nn>'tliin<^  bus  |>asso(l  wliich  ciiii  lio  ii'^aivlcd  un  act  of 
hostility,  or  conlraiy  to  tho  troatioH  hftworn  the  two  crowns,  the  con- 
tinuation of  wliich  plruHcs  MS  as  much  us  it  does  the  Kn^lisii.  If  you 
hud  hecii  pleased  to  enter  into  particulars  us  to  the  facts  wiiicli  cuused 
your  coin))luini,  1  should  have  been  hononwl  to  _t;ive  as  tull  and  satis- 
factory reply  as  ])o>sili|(', 

I  have  made  it  a  dul>-  to  ri'ceive  M.  Wushinijton  with  the  distinc- 
tion due  on  u<eo»uit  of  your  disunity.  an<]  his  |)ersonul  worth.  I  have 
tlu'  honor  l(»  he,  Monsieur,  your  very  humlile  and  \ cry  (il)e<lient  ser- 
^■aIlt,  liKOAKUKi  a  \)e  Saint  I'ikkkk. 

.\t  the  Foil  of  the  iJiveraux  Bfeufs,  the  l")  l)eceml)er,  17").''.. 

» 

Ki^hl  weeks  after  the  defeat  of  Hraddoek.  in  17.")r>.  commeiieed 
iinother  stru^^Ie  hetween  the  troojis  of  Kni^land  and  I'lance.  In 
the  advance  of  the  lattei',  at  the  head  of  the  Indian  adies  was  I^e- 
^ardeur  de  Saint  Piei're.  On  the  eiirhtli  of  Se|)teinher  a  I'at tie  took 
]>lace  near  the  bottom  of  Lake  (Jeor^'e.  TIm' eontlicl  was  desj)erate, 
on  the  side  of  the  Kui^lish  fell  Col.  Hphruiin  W  illiams.  the  tl)Uiider  of 
Williams  college,  Massa(diusetts;  while  u|ion  the  part  of  the  Freixdi 
Jie_ij;ardeur  de  Saint  Pierre  was  fatally  vvoiindeij.  His  la-t  words  were  :^ 
^'  Fight  on  boys,  this  is  Johnson  not  Braddock." 

Tn  1755,  Marin,  the  son  of  the  comniand(.'r  who  died  at  French 
<;reek,  I'ennsylvaiiia,  was  aiiuiii  sent  by  (iovernor  Di  (^uesne  to  com- 
mand thedepartment  '  [iU  Baye."  Tlu'  next  year,  with  sixty  Indians, 
ho  was  tiii'litino;  the  I'lnglish  in  New  Yoi'k.  and  in  1757  was  engaired  in 
the  capture  of  Foil  William  Henry,  und  atta(d<ed  with  i.:,reat  bold- 
ness Fort  I'Mward.     lie  was  also  present  in  1758,  ut  'riconderogu. 

Louis  Leirardeur  the  Chevalier  do  Repentigny  was  the  brother  ot 
Ouptuin  Saint  Pierre,  und,  iii  1741).  an  officer  under  him  at  .Mackinaw. 
In  1750  he  built  a  trading  establishment  one  hundred  and  ivu  feet 
square,  at  his  own  expense  at  Suult  Ste.  Marie,  and  also  begun  a  farm. 
In  1755.  he  served  with  his  brotbei-  at  the  time  of  his  death,  and  in 
1758  was  with  Montcalm  ut  (Quebec.  At  the  battle  ol' SiHery.  17»!(>. 
lie  was  at  the  head  of  the  i'^rench  centre,  and  with  his  brigade  resisted 
the  Knglish.  the  only  brigade  In-fore  whom  the  toe  did  not  gain  an 
inch.  He  was  taken  ])risoner  in  17tJ2.  and  two  years  later  visited 
France.  From  17(i9  to  1778  he  was  connnandant  at  Isle  ot  Hhe,  and 
then  for  four  years  at  Cuadeloupi'.     After   this   he  was   governor  of 

I.    .stone's  sir  Will.  Jolinson,  vol  1,  page  51i).  ■  . 


•'0 


Sciu'ical.  Ati'ica.  and  mi  tlir  niiitii  olOrtolicr,  17>i<i.<lii  tl  in  l':ifi>  \'.  Iiilr 
on  t'iii'lniit:li. 

,  St.  l-uc  <l(  la  ('iMiK'  (o()l<  cliarii;!' nl' tin' posts  Itcyoiul  l,!i!<«'  Su])t'rior, 
alU-f  SainI  I'ii-nv  was  !•(•(  alU-il.  ami  on  tin- thiril  of  Sciiti'iiilnM'.  IT')!, 
niarrii'il  Muric  lli''  wiilow  of  lii>  iii'ciK'ci-ssoi'. 

IhirinLC  t lie  war  of  ( ho  Knulish  colonii's  Cur  iii'U'pfiiiJrnci'.  I, a  ('iirnc. 
was  ill  t  111-  stTvi<H' of  I  III'  Ilritisli  kiiiL!:.  'I'll una-*  .IctVi-rsdii.  in  a  Irticr 
to  .I'll  11)  I'.il;-!'.  Ill  N'ii'n'inia.  dalrd  l'liilailil|iliia,  <  ''t.  l.'l.  1  IT."),  allinli's  to 
liiin:  "  I  >oaf  I'aifc  W'r  liavu  notliiiii^  now  tVuni  Kiiirland,  or  t  In  cainii 
lii'loi'O  I'ostoii.  \\y  a  |H'ivatt'  hi  tcr  t  his  day  to  a  u'l'iil  Irniaii  of  <-<>n- 
iijrt'ss  from  (icnciMJ  MuiitiioiiKM'y  wv  Irani  that  our  forci's  lirt'urc  .St . 
.lohii's  a  IT  I  (Mill  ill  iiiinilM-r,  lnsidi's  ."»(l(l  ( 'aiiailiaiis,  i  he  ialtci'  nt  w  liom 
have  ri'|»clli'd  with  u'rcat  in!  irpidit  y  t  href  ditVcrmt  attai'i<s  Iroiii  llu- 
fori. 

•  W'v  a)i|iri'ht'iid  ii  will  not  hold  out  much  h)iii:;or.  as  Moiisiour  St. 
Jiiic  dr  la  Corin-.  and  several  otlu>r  |iriiici)»al  iiihahitants  of  Montreal, 
who  have  hi'cii  iiiir  tin-at  fiicmics.  h;v\e  otVereil  to  iiiaUf  tfi'ius.  Tlii-^ 
St.  I, lie  is  a  unreal  Si-ii^-iieur  anioiiNt  the  Canadians,  and  alniu.si  al>so- 
lut<'  with  the  Indians.  He  has  heeii  our  most  hitter  eneiii\.  llf  is 
a<'l\nowk'<l,<j!;ed  to  ho  the  i^roatost  of  all  scoundrels.  To  he  assured  of 
this  I  neod  only  to  mention  to  yon  that  lie  is  the  rutfian  who,  durins;' 
ihe  lato  war.  when  Fort  William  1 1  eniy  was  surrendered  to  the  h'reiiidi 
and  [mlians  oneomlition  ofsavinu'  the  lives  of  the  garrise)ii,  had  eviiiy 
soul    •■  miirdefed  ill  eold  Mood.'' 

.\  descendant  of  one  of  the  commandantH  at  fyaUo  I'epin.  however, 
adhered  to  ihe  .Vmerieans.  hepeysier.  the  British  eoiuiiiander  a' 
.Mackinaw,  umler  date  of  April  12.  ITSl.  wrote  to  the  Delawai'i;  In- 
dians: ••  Send  me  that  little  liahhliiii;-  {'"ivtHdiiiian  named  .Monsieur 
Linctot,  he  who  poisons  your  ears,  one  of  those  who  says  he  I'un 
amuse  y.)U  with  words:  only  send  him  tome.  (U'  he  the  means  of  i;-et- 
tinjx  him.  and  I  will  thou  put  coiiHdence  in  you.  '^  *  -•■  ■'■  '^ 
If  3-011  have  not  the  opportunity  to  hrinii;  mo  the  little  I'Vremdiman, 
yon  may  hriiiir  nic  some  Vivijjinia  prisoners.  1  am  pleased  when  I 
see  what  you  I'uU  live  meat,  because  I  can  speak  to  il  and  get  infur- 
niation." 

The  i.ost  opposite  Maiden's  Jlook,  I,jvke  Pepin,  was  never  occupiofl 
after  the  surrender  (d  (^anada  to  the  Britisli.  The  first  Knt>-lish 
troops  entered  Minnesota  hy  way  of  lji\ke  Supi-rior.     Major  Thomp- 


21 

sun  Muxni'll.  in  Ins  jniiiMiiil.  im-iiliniis  fluit  in  May.  ITUL.'.  In'  afrivcil  ii» 
<iraiiil  I'DiliiLtt'.  ni'w  in  M innt-sota,  willi  a  few  soldiiT-*.  us  a  L'naril  ti> 
llif  ^ooiU  ot'  (riidors.  (.'u|)taiii  .loiiatlian  Carvi-r,  lln'  tii««l  Hiilisli 
truvclvr  in  Minni'soia,  in  17(H!.  uhsi-rvt'd  ••  lIu'  niins  ul  a  l''r«'n<li  I'ur- 
loi'v  wlu'rc.  il  is  said.  <  apt.  St.  I'icirc  rcsidod.  and  curried  on  a  very 
iri'i-at  tradr  wiili  llic  NiiniiowossicH  ludi)!'*' the  riMlnctioii  «)l'( 'anada' 

liitMit.  '/,.  .\I.  I'iivc.  till' first  oflicei' of  t  lie  V .  S.  .\rniy  to  pass  tliriinu;li 
lialvt'  I'cpin.  in  Isii,'*.  rcacdii'd  •  Point  du  Saldc"  o- Sandy  I'oint.  im  llic 
saini'  day  of  tlic  sanu'  inonlli  as  I, a  IV-rriero  iw  1727  arrived,  lie 
writes  ••  Tlie  Krenili,  under  the  ^ovi'i'imieiil  of  )i.  Ki'oiitenae.  drove 
the  I^i'vnaivls  oi-  ( )tta<|nainies  from  tlie  Wiscriisin.  and  jmrsned  tlu'Mi 
np  the  .Mississippi,  and  as  a  harrier  built  a  stocktKle  on  Lake  i*ipin. 
on  the  \v('st   shori'  just    helow  I'oinI    dn   Salile.  ami.  as  was  i;enerall\ 


1] 


1     I 


the  case  with  that  nation  blended  tlie  military  and  mci'cantile  prot'es- 
sioris  by  makin<r  their  fort  a  facloi-y  tor  the  ."^ioux." 

The  point  in  tlu;  en<^ravin<;-  without  a  house  is  Sandy  I'()int.  \ 
short  distance  from  the  point,  neai'  the  month  of  what  Pike  on 
his  map  calls  Sandy  Point  creek,  there  is  an  elevated  jilati'au  iVom 
which  there  is  an  extensive  view.     There  is  evidence  that    ihi-re  has 


'-»'> 


been  \ouii  'W  «v  '■I'-iirini;  mudo  thoro,  and  nn  it  i«  tho  most  suitablo 
rtpot  ill  tlu'  vicinity  lor  ii  HtocUiiii*',  and  vinil)l(>  to  any  <»no  roniinir  in 
a  canuL'  fioin  iliu  ilii'i'(  lidii  of  \A\kv  C'itv,  it  was  |)i'r)l)iil(|\'  iIk-  wile  ot" 
a  l-'rcncli  poHt.  The  Indian  trail  t<i  tlm  lioad  of  tlu-  Salu'  ran  tlii-oiiyli 
the  valloy  of  tho  crrolv  and  panstMl  Kruritonac  station,  whi-ro  the  two 
caiiiion  biillrt  woro  roccntly  found.  Thoy  may  liavc  ln'cii  Imricd  by 
tlu"  I  ndiariH  as  "  vvakan"  or  Hn]u'rnaturul. 


APrExnix. 


I'l 


i  I 


I ;  1 


"XJhi  an  article,  I'niin  the  |n'ti  of  the  wi'itcr  upon  Siciir  WMvndryc  and 


so 


)ns,  ]tul>lislicd  in  1>^7").  tlicro  were  some  erroneous  inlereiues. 


^inco 


tlien  the  itinerary  <i|'  N'ercndrye'H  hoiih  of  thoir  Journey  to  the  Rocky 
mountains  lias  been  !)nl)lished,  and  it  is  now  more  easN-  td  tiaee  the 
route  of  t  lie  explorers. 

On  the  tt^ntli  of  April.  17.'>!>.  W-rendrye  sent  bi.s  son,  the  Chevalier, 
to  looU  out  lor  a  site  for  a  tilth  post,  north  of  lia  Heine,  at  the  Lake 
of  the  I'l'airitH,  which  was  built  and  called  Kctrt  Dauphin,  and  ut  u 
iatei'  period  a  si.\th  pnst  was  established  at  tlu'  Saskatchewan  (I'as- 
koyae)  river,  ami  named  Fort  liotirbon.  The  father  pasr^jd  the  sum- 
mer of  1740  at  .Montreal  and  (Quebec,  but  on  the  thiiteeiilh  ofOetobei*^ 
returned   to  l'\)rt  T^a  Heine. 

The  two  sons  of  Vi'r.mlrye  left  Kort  La  JJeine  on  an  I'xploratioii 
towai'd  the  Ko<  ky  mountains  on  the  twenty-ninth  of  April,  1742,  and 
on  the  twenty-tirst  <.'l' May  reached  the  Mandan  villai^es,  on  the  banks 
ot  the  .Missouri  river.  Hero  they  restevj  two  months,  ami  fi-om  thence 
traveled  for  twenty  days  west-southwest.  |)robaI>ly  in  the  valley  of 
the  Yellowstone  river.  Movin<^  south-southwesterly  about  the  mid- 
dle of  September  they  arrived  in  a  villa<:;e  of  Beaux  llomnies,  and  re- 
mained with  them  until  the  ninth  of  Xovi-mbi'r,  when  aiiain  proceed- 
ing Houth-Houth westerly,  on  the  twelHh  day  they  came  to  a  village  of 
Petite  Cei'ise.  I'rom  thence  they  marched  to  a  I'ioya  village,  and  con- 
tinuing southwesterly  arrived  at  a  village  of  the  •(Jensdes  ('hevaux," 
whi(di  had  been  destr()yed  by  the  Snake  Indians.  Here  guides  were 
obtained  to  lead  them  to  the  "Gens  de  I'Arc,"  and  on  the  ei<rhteenth 


I  M 


23 


ol  Novomhfi'  tlicy   iviiclieti  ii  vllliiyo  ot'-'tri'iiM  do  lu   Ik'lk'  liiviiTo,'*' 
Ufi.l  thriM'  (luyis  \ntv.y  toiintl  the  ArcH. 

From  thiw  poiiit  thny  j<'uriK'_vt'<l  ^ciu'iully  in  ii  sDiitliwtHtvi'ly  ♦•<»ur«o, 
hut  soiiu'tinu's  iiKnM'd  TKirtliwcstorly.  (.)n  tin-  HrHt  of  .Iiiiiuury,  174.^, 
\\n'  Hi'Hl  vit^w  <it'  tlu'  iiioiiiitaius  wftM  oliluiiu'il  UikIit  (lie  i^iiidaiu-o 
of  ill)  Arc  chief  they  iiuirchid,  iiikI  on  thi;  twelfth  day  halted  aiiion^ 
the  inoiiiilaiiis,  art  the  Acch  were  un\\illiii^  to  procood  further  <)win|{ 
to  I  lie  hostility  of  tlie  Siiaku  IiidiaiiH. 

('o(|uar(i,  a  priest  who  had  heeuusHociated  with  W-reudrye,  mentions 
I  hat  his  sons  found  falls  ot"  water,  pr<»halily  the  Yellowstone  Falls,  and 
that  thirty  leagues  heyond  (an  dessus  i,  they  lound  a  nai-row  pa!~s  ;  also- 
between  the  mountain-^  ami  the  Missoui'i  (^YellowHtono  trihulary ?) 
there  is  the  outlet  of  a  lake. 

Houirainvillo  wrote  that  southwest  of  the  ri\«'r  Waliick  or  La 
Co(juilo,  on  the  hanks  of  La  tJruisse  river  are  the  llaetanes.  oi-  Snako 
tfihe  who  f>tr(!teh  to  the  l)asi'  of  a  chain  of  mountains  which  has  a 
northeasterly  trend  and  tliat  south  of  this  is  tin-  Karoskioii  river  or 
("orise  I'eleu,  vvdiich  Hows  t(»ward  Calitoi-nia. 

An  examination  of  any  ^ood  mudei'n  niap  will  show  that  the  li<'ad 
\vaters  of  (Jreen  I'iver.  a  hraiicli  of  the  t'olorado  which  empties  into 
the  (Julf  of  ('alitornia.  rise  near  Fremont's  I'eak.  Sotiu'  of  llic  Suaki^ 
Indians  in  Texas  are  still  called  Hictans. 

IJeturnini!;  from  tlm  U'ockv  .Mountains,  the  W-rtudrve  hrothers  on 
the  ninth  of  Fehruary,  174i>.  <aim'  to  the  firstoftho  Are  villai^es.  and 
on  the  tifU'cnth  of  .March  liny  met  soiue  of  the  I'etile  ('umm'  trihe, 
and  on  the  nineteenth  ai-rived  at  their  j)t)st  on  the  haid^s  ot'  theMis- 
souri.  r|)()n  an  enunence  in  tlu-  vicinity  tiiey  ])lace<|  a  lead  plate 
with  llie  arms  of  the  kiiu;-  of  France,  and  over  it  stones  in  the  loim 
of  a  pyramid  in  honor  of  the  Li'overnor  of  ( 'anada.  L'ursuin^  ;i  coursi* 
j;"enerally  to  the  northea->l.  (Ip  y  I'ciu-hed  the    .Mandan  country  on   the 


eiifhteciil  h  of  .\hi\'.  and  ou  the    twcnl\- 


seventh    passed    the    lUiltc    in 


the  .Assinihoiuc   reii;ion.     To  the  joy  of  their  father,  the  sons  i-eai-hcd 
Fort  La  L'einu  on  tlu'  second  ot'  .lid v. 


